Determination of the specific gravity of micro quantities of bituminous substances rodney edgerton cox. Calculate the percentage of voids, and percent voids filled with bitumen in each specimen. The standard test methods used for the determination of specific gravity of coarse aggregate are described in aashto t 85 and astm c127. The higher the viscosity of the bitumen more time will be required for a quantity to flow out. Determining specific gravity of bitumen civil engineering. Marshall method of mix design is the most popular one and is discussed. Determine the specific gravity of each compacted specimen. The viscosity of bitumen is reduced some times by a volatile diluents this material is called cutback. The standard specific gravity test is carried out at a temperature of 250c. Assessment of specific gravity of a specified sample of bitumen apparatus. Specific gravity is the ratio of the weight of a given volume of.
Jul 21, 2014 introduction specific gravity is defined as the ratio of the mass of a given volume of the bituminous material to the mass of an equal volume of water, the temperature of both being specified as 270c. At least three determinations should be made and the average value used. Determination of the specific gravity of micro quantities. Specific gravity of bitumen is the ration of mass of given volume of bitumen to the mass of equal volume of water at specified temperature. Some deleterious particles are lighter than the good aggregates. Specific gravity is the good indicator of quality of binder. Tex207, determining density of compacted bituminous mixtures section 2 part i, bulk specific gravity of compacted bituminous mixtures texas department of transportation 5 txdot 0105 0407 bulk specific gravity of specimens containing moisture step action 2 attach the apparatus to the scale and submerge in water. Astm d70 97 standard test method for specific gravity and. Scope this test provides three methods for determining the bulk specific gravity and density of compacted hot mix asphalt hma.
Theoretical maximum specific gravity gmm and density of hot mix asphalt hma paving mixtures fop for aashto t 209. The bitumen is suspended in a finely divided condition in an aqueous medium and stabilized with an emulsifier. Test the specimens for thickness, specific gravity, voids, vma, vfa, stability and flow refer ptm no. Theoretical maximum specific gravity of bituminous mixtures txdot. The methods are essentially the same, except for the required time in which a sample of aggregate is submersed in water to essentially fill the. Ce4 abrera, atria aleksey adaptar, analeen ganade, ronald marie rico, john michael vincent velasco, pia noelle. Bitumen has the ability to adhere to a solid surface in a fluid state depending on the nature of the surface. Specific gravity of a bitumen binder is a fundamental property frequently required as an aid in classing binders for use in paving jobs.
Specific gravity of bituminous material is known as the proportion of mass of specified capacity of substance to the equivalent volume of water, temperature of both of them approximating 27 degree celsius. Astm d70 97 standard test method for specific gravity. Followings are the specific gravity test apparatus and materials. This test is done to determine the specific gravity of semi solid bitumen road tars, creosote and anthracene oil as per is.
Astm d2041 specific gravity meter for bitumen mixtures. No date name of the experiment staff signature remarks 12 flash and fire point test determine the test on specific gravity 14 determination of penetration value 15 determination of softening point test 16 determination of ductility of bitumen 17 determination of viscosity 18 determination of bitumen by centrifuge extractor 19. Adjust the specific gravity of the bath by the addition of either methyl alcohol or sodium chloride so that the bituminous material neither comes to the surface of the water, nor touches the bottom of the bath at any time during the test. The 6% of ldpe content was preferred as a bitumen modifier percentage which was used to. Bulk specific gravity and bulk density of compacted bituminous mixtures a modification of aashto designation t 166 and pp 75 1. Specific gravity specific gravity of bitumen the specific gravity of semisolid bituminous material, asphalt cements, and soft tar pitches shall be expressed as the ratio of the mass of a given volume of the material at 25 c to that of an equal volume of water at the same. Because the specific gravity of asphalt binders changes with temperature, this test is useful in making volume corrections based on temperature. Using this test you can determine the specific gravity of semisolid bitumen, road tar and anthracite oil. Density specific gravity an overview sciencedirect. Cox, rodney edgerton, determination of the specific gravity of micro quantities of bituminous substances 1964. Specific gravity test on bitumen specific gravity of bitumen is the ration of mass of given volume of bitumen to the mass of equal volume of water at specified temperature.
There are several ways to determine the specific gravity of asphalt on all these methods, is archimedes law. To determine the specific gravity of semisolid bitumen road tars, creosote and anthracene oil as per is. It is a function of the ratio of asphalt to water absorption, which varies widely but follows a definite pattern with different types of aggregates. Calculate the bulk specific gravity of the aggregate combination in the paving mixture. Determining the optimum asphalt binder content of an opengraded friction. The specify gravity test helps in identification of stone. Illinois test procedures for other materials may be included. California test methods version selection caltrans. The specific gravity of semisolid bituminous material, asphalt cements, and soft tar pitches shall be expressed as the ratio of the mass of a given volume of the material at 25 c to that of an equal volume of water at the same temperature. Chapter 2 design and control of bituminous mixtures using a. Method a measures the bulk specific gravity using paraffin coated briquettes and is used for. If bitumen contains a mineral impurities the specific gravity will be higher, this makes it possible for a quantitative extraction of mineral impurity in binders.
Significance and use because the specific gravity of asphalt binders changes with temperature, this test is useful in making volume corrections based on temperature. It is often required to know the specific gravity of straight run and cutback bitumen for purposes of calculating rates of spread, asphaltic concrete mix properties etc. Measurement of water permeability of compacted asphalt paving mixtures. The asphalt absorption can be found knowing the bulk impregnated specific gravity of the mixture, the bulk specific gravity of the. Chapter 2 design and control of bituminous mixtures using. Determine the specific gravity of the asphalt cement. Calculate the bulk specific gravity of the combined aggregate. Specific gravity is the ratio of the mass of unit volume of soil at a stated temperature to the mass of the same volume of gasfree distilled water at a stated temperature. Experiment 4 specific gravity determination purpose. Specific gravity is defined as the ratio of the mass of a given volume of the bituminous material to the mass of an equal volume of water, the temperature of both being specified as 27 0c. Specific gravity bottle capacity of 250 ml with stopper. Specific gravity of bitumendefinition, test and procedure. Specific gravity of bituminous material is known as the proportion of mass of specified capacity of substance to the equivalent volume of water.
By definition, the specific gravity of bitumen, the tartoweight ratio of a certain volume of water volume at a given temperature. Standard test method for bulk specific gravity and density of compacted bituminous mixtures using. Determining specific gravity of bitumen civil engineering portal. Apparatus specific gravity bottle of 50 ml capacity, ordinary capillary type with 6 mm diameter neck or wide mouthed. Obtain samples in accordance with the fop for aashto r 97 and reduce according to. Density specific gravity specific gravity is defined by astm d4439 from volume 04. Specific gravity is the ratio of the weight of a given volume of aggregate to the weight of an equal volume of water. A typical specific gravity for asphalt binder is around 1. The mix design wetmix determines the optimum bitumen content. Tex207, determining density of compacted bituminous. Apr 30, 2017 specific gravity of bituminous material is defined as ratio of mass of given volume of substance to the equal volume of water, temperature of both being 27c. If the increments have a specific gravity difference greater than 0. Aashto m320 standard specifications for performancegraded asphalt binder aashto t30 test for mechanical analysis of extracted aggregate aashto t43 test for specific gravity of bituminous materials aashto t85 specific gravity and absorption of coarse aggregate aashto t180d test for moisturedensity relations of soils.
Referenced documents purchase separately the documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard. Specific gravity is defined as the ratio of the mass of a given volume of the bituminous material to the mass of an equal volume of water, the. Khatri the rice method astm d2041 is used for determining the theoretical maximum specific gravity of asphalt paving mixtures, which is one of the main test parameters used for mix design and. With one of the most advanced asphalt testing facilities in the southeast, egs can handle any job, both small and large. Materials that have a lower specific gravity are lower boiling point thus one of the first applications of this parameter has been using it for the distillation of crude oil. The bulk specific gravity is the ratio of the weight of a given volume of aggregate, including the permeable and impermeable voids in the particles, to the weight of an equal volume of water kandhal et al. Volumetric analysis of hma mixtures 46 classroom exercise 1 based on the information given for this problem, the following steps should be followed. Specific gravity is defined as the ratio of weight of aggregate to the weight of equal volume of water. Measure the bulk specific gravity of the compacted paving mixture. Ct 330 september 1, 2017 pdf method of test for residue by evaporation of nonmodified asphaltic. Specific gravity is also used in identification of the source of bitumen binder. The principle is that it is the ratio of mass of a given volume of bitumen to the mass of an equal volume of water, both taken at a recordedspecified temperature. Determination of the specific gravity of micro quantities of bituminous. Specific gravity being a fundamental property of a bitumen binders is frequently used in classifying binders for use in paving jobs.
Table 1 test sample size for gmm nominal maximum aggregate size. Improvement of modified bitumen using low density polyethylene. The specific gravity of pure bitumen ranges from 0. Asphalt binder pg tests federal highway administration. This is preceded by the dry mix design discussed in the previous chapter. The standard specific gravity test is carried out at a temperature of 25 0 c. Properties considered in mix design superpave mix design. China api gravity china zero gravity china urine specific gravity. It is the ratio of mass of a given volume of bitumen to the mass of an equal volume of water, both taken at a recordedspecified temperature. One can easily determine the value of specific gravity of cement using le chatelier flask method. This test is done to determine the specific gravity. The specific gravity can be measured using either pycnometer or preparing a cube specimen of bitumen in semi solid or solid state. The presence of water on the surface will prevent adhesion. The most convenient procedure for allowing for absorption is by use of astm test method 02041, theoretical maximum specific gravity of bituminous paving mixtures.
This test is done to determine the specific gravity of semisolid bitumen road tars, creosote and anthracene oil as per is. It is the ratio of the mass of a given volume of bitumen to the mass of an equal volume of water, both taken at a recordedspecified temperature. Determine the specific gravity of the aggregate combination and asphalt cement. There are many methods available for mix design which vary in the size of the test specimen, compaction, and other test specifications. Report the average test data for these nine mixture types on a summary sheet, and plot them on the six graphs given in the marshall design summary form tr448b. For good pavement construction, the range of specific gravity of bitumen should be 0. Laboratory test procedure for determining bulk specific gravity of superpave gyratory. What is the specific gravity of bitumen various petroleum products with specific gravity different pitch. Method of test for theoretical maximum specific gravity and density of hot mix asphalt. Density specific gravity an overview sciencedirect topics. Standard test method for density of semisolid asphalt.
Theoretical maximum specific gravity of bituminous mixtures txdot designation. Lecture 5b grading of bituminous materials quality control. Effect of specific gravity on aggregate varies the weight of. The specific gravity can be measured using either pycnometer or preparing a cube specimen of bitumen in the semisolid or solid state. Determination of specific gravity of cement at the site level can be easily done using this is an experiment. Measure the maximum specific gravity of the loose paving mixture. D3142d3142m test method for specific gravity, api gravity, or density of cutback asphalts by hydrometer method. What is the specific gravity of bitumen and what are the. Asphalt specific gravity because the specific gravity of asphalt binders change with temperature, specific gravity tests are useful in making volume corrections based on temperature.
Bulk specific gravity an overview sciencedirect topics. If the bituminous material comes in contact with the surface of the water or the bottom of the bath, the test shall not be considered normal. The specific gravity of bitumen is also a must needed test you need to do while your pavement construction. Prepare the trial specimens with varying asphalt contents. Bitumen weights sometimes have to be converted into volumes for asphalt concrete mix design calculations for which a knowledge of specific gravity. Weight of bitumen is sometimes converted into volumes for asphalt concrete mix design calculations for which specific gravity details are important. The density of the asphalt binder specimen is calculated from its mass and the mass of the water displaced by the specimen. Specific gravity calculations of specific gravity api specific gravity chart aggregate specific gravity test specific gravity test of bitumen at what temperature t0 does the specific heat of the free electrons become larger than the specific at what temperature t0 does the specific heat of the free electrons become larger than the specific the. Viscosity of asphalt rubber by rotational dipnread viscometer. Speight phd, dsc, in asphalt materials science and technology, 2016. Various lab tests on bitumen for pavement construction.
This lab is performed to determine the specific gravity of soil by using a pycnometer. Specific gravity test the specific gravity of bitumen is defined as the ratio of mass of given volume of bitumen of known content to the mass of equal volume of water at 27 0 c. Ct 309 june 1, 2004 pdf method of test for theoretical maximum specific gravity and density of bituminous paving mixtures. D 7076, specific gravity of bitumen, specific gravity. The principle is that it is the ratio of mass of a given volume of bitumen to the mass of an equal volume of. Improved rice method for determining theoretical maximum. The specific gravity of an aggregate is considered to be a measure of strength or quality of the material. Bulk specific gravity dense graded mixtures and sma bulk specific gravity open graded mixtures. Saybolt furol viscosity test is used to determine viscosity of liquid bitumens. Pdf improvement of modified bitumen using low density. The theoretical maximum specific gravity of a bituminous mixture is the bulk. Exp 9 specific gravity of bitumen civil engineers pk. Quantitative determination of asphalt content from asphalt paving mixtures by the ignition method.
Theoretical maximum specific gravity of bituminous mixtures. Specific gravity of semi solid bituminous materials aashto t228. Improved rice method for determining theoretical maximum specific gravity of asphalt paving mixtures prithvi s. Specific gravity of cement and test to find it civil read. Test results were expected to be within repeat able specific gravity limits of 0. Because the specific gravity of asphalt binders change with temperature, specific gravity tests are useful in making volume corrections based on temperature. In general, to calculate the specific gravity of material, we use water. July 21, 2014 bitumen, materials, tests on bitumen 1 comment. The adhesive property of bitumen binds together all the components without bringing about any positive or negative changes in their properties. Why is kerosene used in the specific gravity of cement test. Aggregates having low specific gravity are generally weaker than those with high specific gravity. D3289 test method for density of semisolid and solid asphalt materials nickel crucible method. Viscosity denotes the fluid property of the bituminous material and it is a measure of resistance to flow.
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